Intragroup financing arrangements are subject to special rules under Article 3.2.7 of the OECD Model Rules.
This is a common area of tax planning for MNE’s and without specific provisions, they could adjust the effective tax rate (ETR) of jurisdictions by structuring financing operations.
For instance, they could reduce Pillar Two GloBE income in jurisdictions that were just below the minimum rate (therefore increasing the ETR and potentially resulting in the jurisdictional ETR being over 15%) whilst increasing Pillar Two GloBE income in jurisdictions that had significant ETR capacity (ie where the jurisdictional ETR is significantly above 15% anyway).
A typical arrangement that would be targeted by this is a hybrid financing arrangement such as:
MNE Co 1 is resident in a low-tax jurisdiction. It borrows money from MNE Co 2 by way of a debt instrument 2. MNE Co 2 is a member of the same MNE group and is resident in a high tax jurisdiction.
The debt instrument is treated as equity for tax purposes and debt for financial accounting purposes in both jurisdictions.
As such, interest payments by MNE Co 1 would reduce Pillar Two GloBE income (and therefore increase the Pillar Two GloBE ETR) without any reduction in the domestic tax liability (as dividends are generally not tax-deductible).
By contrast, the interest receipt would increase Pillar Two GloBE income in MNE Co 2 (reducing its Pillar Two GloBE ETR) without a corresponding increase in its domestic taxable income.
Therefore, as an anti-avoidance measure, the Pillar Two GloBE income or loss of a low-taxed entity does not include any expenses of an intra-group financing arrangement that can be expected to increase the expenses of a low-taxed entity without a corresponding increase in the taxable income of a high taxed entity.
A low-taxed entity is generally an entity in a jurisdiction where the Pillar Two GloBE ETR is less than 15%.
There is no increase in the taxable income of a high-taxed entity if the income qualifies for an exclusion or deduction ie just because the high-taxed entity is allocated the income for local tax purposes does not mean this requirement is met, if it qualified for deduction or credits that offset it.
This could be the case if, for example, it has brought forward interest expenses sufficient to offset interest received from the low-taxed entity.
Whether there is an intragroup financing arrangement in place is an objective test and is based on whether there is an arrangement between two or more members of an MNE group which results in a high taxed entity directly or indirectly providing credit or making an investment in a low taxed entity.
In addition, again using an objective test, the arrangement must be reasonably expected to reduce the Pillar Two GloBE income of a low taxed entity without increasing the taxable income of a high taxed entity over the duration of the agreement.
Profits from international shipping (eg profits derived from the transport of cargo or passengers by ships) as well as certain ancillary income are generally exempt for Pillar Two GloBE income purposes under Article 3.3 of the OECD Model Rules.
As this would have been included in the profits in the financial accounts, an adjustment to the Pillar Two GloBE income is required.
On October 28, 2025, Government Notice No. 6763 was issued which extended some of the Pillar 2 filing and notification deadlines.
On October 29, 2025, Order HAC/1198/2025, of October 21 was published in the Official Gazette. This approves the final versions of three specific Pillar 2 forms – Form 240 (registration), Form 241 (the GIR) and Form 242 (the top-up tax return).
On October 21, 2025, Slovakia’s Parliament approved a law to amend its minimum tax act to provide for the June 2024 and January 2025 OECD Administrative Guidance, as well as EU Directive DAC 9 amendments.
On October 21, 2025, Vietnam released Decision 3563/QD-BTC 2025 on the Administrative Procedures for the Minimum Tax. This includes the final forms to be submitted for notification, registration and returns.
Guernsey has issued the Guernsey Pillar 2 Brief: Issue 1 which includes further detail on the registration process (the actual registration system is planned to be operational during the fourth quarter of 2025).
On October 14, 2025, France released the 2026 Finance Bill. This includes amendments to include the June 2024 OECD Administrative Guidance, as well as DAC 9 implementation.
On October 14, 2025, France released the 2026 Finance Bill. This includes amendments to include the June 2024 OECD Administrative Guidance, as well as DAC 9 implementation.
On October 2, 2025, Hungary released the 2025 Autumn Tax Package. This includes some amendments to the operation of the Transitional CbCR Safe Harbour.
On October 15, 2025, Hungary issued the draft Advance QDMTT Tax Declaration (Form 24GLBADO) as well as filing instructions and a draft XML guide.
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